Photo credits

Sixteen of the photographs on Buyer's Ledger carry a CC0 waiver, and the seventeenth image, an 1864 world map, is old enough to be out of copyright. All were sourced from Wikimedia Commons; a good share started life on Unsplash. The list below names the author of each and links to the file it came from.

A container crane or a stack of pallets illustrates a topic; it is not evidence of any contract, tender or shipment. Hands and faces belong to models or bystanders who have nothing to do with the buyers, suppliers and public bodies we write about, and appearing here endorses no vendor.

Image list, guide by guide

• Masthead image: Cargo ships at anchor on a calm sea under a stormy sky, in black and white. Photo: Tim Mossholder / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Geopolitics and supply chains: how buyers map and manage exposure: Detail of a hand-coloured 1864 world map on Mercator's projection. Map: Samuel Augustus Mitchell / Geographicus, via Wikimedia Commons (public domain).
• Incoterms 2020 explained: the 11 rules and how buyers should choose: Silhouette of a ship-to-shore container crane against a pale sky at Lyttelton, New Zealand. Photo: Bernard Spragg / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0). The operator's name painted on the crane cab has been darkened.
• Circular procurement: buying for reuse, repair and recovered materials: A close, low view of stacked pale wooden pallets. Photo: W.carter / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• The procurement process, step by step: from need to payment: A person climbing grey stairs with yellow edges, seen from behind at step level. Photo: Jake Hills / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Spend analysis: how to find out what your organisation really buys: Hands holding a tablet showing a finance chart icon, beside a coffee on a wooden table. Photo: rawpixel / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• The e-procurement software landscape: what each type of tool does: Close-up of a laptop keyboard with backlit keys, the screen glowing blue above it. Photo: Markus Petritz / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• RFI vs RFP vs RFQ: which request to use, and how to write it: A row of six differently shaped and numbered mailboxes on a wooden stand in front of dense green foliage. Photo: Mathyas Kurmann / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Total cost of ownership (TCO): how to compare offers beyond the price: A bronze weighing pan and a set of round weights of decreasing size displayed on a blue cloth. Photo: Лапоть (Lapot) / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Procurement negotiation basics: preparation, BATNA and trading concessions: Carved metal chess pieces lined up on a wooden chessboard, in shallow focus. Photo: Lou Levit / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Category management in procurement: the Kraljic matrix and a category plan: Rows of ornate brass post office boxes, each with a small window and a number from 544 to 624. Photo: Tim Evans / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Supplier risk and supply chain resilience: a working framework: Heavy, deeply rusted chain links, wet from the rain. Photo: W.carter / Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Supplier payment terms: legal limits, late payment interest and how to set fair terms: An open monthly planner on a wooden desk, its blank date grid in soft focus. Photo: Eric Rothermel / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Supplier evaluation scorecards: KPIs, weighting and review meetings: A hand holding a pen ticks boxes on a handwritten checklist in a squared notebook. Photo: Glenn Carstens-Peters / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Supply chain due diligence: CSRD, CSDDD, the OECD framework and what buyers must do: Threads strung across an old weaving loom inside a dim textile workshop. Photo: Igor Ovsyannykov / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• The UK Procurement Act 2023: what it changes for social value and suppliers: The Elizabeth Tower and the Houses of Parliament at dusk, with a red double-decker bus passing in a motion blur. Photo: David Dibert / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0).
• Buying a home like a procurement pro: the purchasing checklist applied to real estate: A residential street lined with red-brick mansion blocks, hedges and bare trees at sunset, in Kensington, London. Photo: Christian Vasile / Unsplash, via Wikimedia Commons (CC0 1.0). The number plates and the badge of the parked cars have been blurred.

Each photo is stored on this site in two sizes, cropped to a 3:2 frame and converted to WebP; apart from the two retouches noted above, nothing else was changed. No image shows a recognisable brand or logo. Photographers who spot an error in their credit can notify Buyer's Ledger via the contact page.

Fonts

Guides use Public Sans for headings and tables and Source Serif 4 for body text, both licensed under the SIL Open Font License 1.1 and stored with the site.